![]() Negeri Sembilan's elective ruler holds the title of Yamtuan Besar, whereas the ruler of Perlis is titled Raja. The rulers of Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor and Terengganu are styled Sultans. Each Malay state has a hereditary ruler as titular head of state and an executive Chief Minister or Menteri Besar as politically responsible head of government. Nine of the peninsular states, based on historical Malay kingdoms, are known as the Malay states. The Ninth Schedule specifically lists the following matters as those that can only be legislated on by the states: land tenure, the Islamic religion, and local government. The courts themselves have generally favoured a broad interpretation of the language of the Ninth Schedule, thus limiting the number of possible subjects not covered. However, legal scholars generally view this as a "pauper's bequest" because of the large scope of the matters listed in the Ninth Schedule. Theoretically, any matter not set out in the Ninth Schedule can be legislated on by the individual states. The specific responsibilities of the federal and the state governments are listed in the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution of Malaysia. ![]() The governance of the states is divided between the federal government and the state governments, while the federal territories are directly administered by the federal government. Malaysia and its states' flags at Putra Square, Putrajaya
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